Fraud Hates Sunlight: The Case for Buying More New York Notes
Deed Theft, AI, and the Next Great Shift in Note Investing
Written by Jasmine R. Willois 2026.
Founder, NAP Private Equity Club | Mother to Kojo the Gamer
Host, Naked Notes & NoteTress Network Podcasts
To Buy or Not to Buy New York Notes?
As a native New Yorker, I can tell you that New York—much like Chicago—is not a market for the weak at heart. You need a seasoned team, experienced attorneys, strong servicers, and perhaps most importantly, the mental toughness required to survive some of the longest timelines and most complex workouts in the country.
Over the years, investors have been given plenty of reasons to avoid New York notes: judicial foreclosures, multi-year timelines, expensive legal costs, tenant protections, bankruptcy delays, heirship issues, probate complications, and title defects. If you know, you know.
And yet, NAPNATION continues to buy New York notes.
In fact, as I write this article, we recently sold a Brooklyn asset and are actively working through a foreclosure in the Bronx. New York remains a meaningful part of our business—not because it is easy, but because difficult markets often create tremendous opportunities for investors who are equipped to handle them.
This article focuses on one of the most frightening items on that list: deed fraud.
Among seasoned asset managers, Brooklyn has long carried the nickname “Crooklyn.” While anyone who has spent time in Brooklyn over the last twenty years knows the borough has evolved dramatically, the nickname reflects a very real concern that has followed New York real estate for decades: fraudulent transfers, title disputes, forged deeds, and bad actors looking to profit from other people’s equity.
Truths like these bleed into a larger reality about investing in New York. It is a niche market where locals—and those with the resources, patience, and conviction to navigate complexity—play to win. There is no shortage of capital available in New York. In fact, it remains one of the largest mortgage markets in the country by dollar volume due to the size of its housing market and average loan balances.
New York does not suffer from a shortage of lenders. It suffers from a shortage of investors willing to navigate the complexity.
Ironically, many of the same factors that scare investors away create opportunity for those with experienced teams. Long timelines, title issues, probate challenges, heirship disputes, and yes, even deed fraud often result in fewer bidders, wider discounts, and less competition.
That does not mean these assets are easy.
It means they are misunderstood. And misunderstanding is often where opportunity hides.
The best note investors are not necessarily those who avoid risk. Successful investors learn how to identify, price, and manage risk. In my experience, opportunity often exists precisely where others are unwilling to look.
Deed fraud is a perfect example.
Why Brooklyn Became Ground Zero
This is not a new problem in New York or within the real estate industry. Brooklyn became ground zero because it sits at the intersection of generational wealth, heirship issues, and massive appreciation in historically Black neighborhoods.
A 2026 report from the Center for NYC Neighborhoods found that homes worth roughly $400 million are at risk each year from deed theft and predatory title schemes, with Central Brooklyn identified as one of the most vulnerable areas.
And who can forget the disbarred attorney convicted in 2025 of stealing the deeds to eleven Brooklyn properties in a decade-long fraudulent scheme?
But deed theft did not begin there.
Since the 1980s, schemes such as equity stripping and foreclosure rescue scams have targeted Brooklyn due to the substantial appreciation many neighborhoods experienced over multiple generations. Communities once overlooked have undergone dramatic gentrification and value increases. As property values climbed, sophisticated fraudsters increasingly viewed these neighborhoods as fertile ground for schemes designed to capture accumulated equity and generational wealth.
Brooklyn’s rising property values transformed an old title-risk problem into a major financial crime problem.
The 30-Year Evolution of Title Risk in Brooklyn
Today’s deed theft epidemic did not appear overnight. It evolved through decades of foreclosure crises, distressed housing stock, probate complications, and gentrification cycles that Brooklyn has experienced since the 1970s.
1970s–1980s: The Distressed Property Era
During New York City’s fiscal crisis, abandonment, tax foreclosures, and widespread housing distress created significant title issues. Many properties suffered from clouded title, missing heirs, estate complications, and absentee ownership.
Fraud existed, but the economics were different. Most schemes involved distressed transfers, forged signatures, and opportunistic acquisitions of abandoned buildings rather than outright theft of high-value homes.
Late 1980s–1990s: Foreclosure Rescue Schemes
As Brooklyn neighborhoods began stabilizing, scammers increasingly targeted homeowners facing foreclosure.
The pitch was often simple:
“I can save your house.”
“Sign these documents.”
“We’ll refinance you.”
“We’ll negotiate with the bank.”
Many homeowners unknowingly transferred ownership interests while believing they were entering workout agreements. These foreclosure rescue schemes are widely recognized as predecessors to modern deed theft.
2000–2010: Property Values Explode
This period marked the true inflection point.
Neighborhoods such as Bedford-Stuyvesant, Crown Heights, Fort Greene, Bushwick, and Prospect Heights experienced rapid appreciation. Properties worth $100,000 in the early 1990s suddenly became worth $500,000 to $1 million or more.
That changed the economics of fraud.
Instead of targeting distressed assets, criminals could steal decades of accumulated equity and generational wealth. Reports of forged deeds, fraudulent mortgages, identity theft, and equity-stripping schemes increased dramatically.
2010–2020: Deed Theft Becomes a Recognized Crisis
Community groups, legal aid organizations, and prosecutors began sounding the alarm.
Brooklyn became the epicenter because it combined rapid gentrification, elderly homeowners, inherited property, substantial appreciation, and large Black and immigrant homeowner populations.
State and local agencies directed additional resources, legal assistance, and enforcement efforts toward deed theft victims, demonstrating that the problem had become significant long before it reached national headlines.
2022: Statewide Hearings
The New York State Senate held formal hearings examining deed theft across the state.
Witnesses testified that Central Brooklyn had become one of New York’s most vulnerable areas and argued that existing laws were insufficient to protect homeowners.
2023–2024: Major Legislative Response
New York expanded civil protections and formally criminalized deed theft.
Attorney General Letitia James described deed theft as a crime that robs families of homes, wealth, and stability. New laws expanded prosecutorial authority and extended statutes of limitation for victims.
2025–2026: Full Government Response
Brooklyn prosecutors secured convictions in major deed theft cases, and New York City established its first dedicated Office of Deed Theft Prevention.
Officials publicly acknowledged that Brooklyn and Queens had become the highest-concentration areas for deed theft complaints and that the problem had been affecting homeowners for decades.
In April 2026, New York City established the Mayor’s Office of Deed Theft Prevention within the Department of Finance. Its mission is to identify suspicious filings, coordinate with law enforcement, educate homeowners, and assist victims in recovering their properties.
New Technology, Evolving Solutions
In response to growing concerns surrounding deed theft and fraudulent conveyances, New York has implemented and proposed measures designed to increase transparency and accountability throughout the ownership transfer process.
These efforts include:
- Enhanced criminal penalties for deed theft and fraudulent transfers
- Expanded powers for prosecutors and enforcement agencies
- Longer statutes of limitation for victims
- Dedicated deed fraud prevention offices and investigative units
- Improved homeowner notification systems
- Greater coordination between recording offices, law enforcement, and consumer protection agencies
- Increased public access to digital property records
The consequences are significant.
Fraudsters face greater scrutiny, suspicious transactions are more likely to be identified, and homeowners have more tools available to protect their property rights.
At the same time, technology is rapidly transforming the title and servicing industries.
Modern investors now benefit from:
- Real-time recording data and title monitoring
- Automated ownership verification tools
- Digital document tracking and audit trails
- Enhanced identity verification and fraud detection systems
- AI-powered title review and risk analysis
- Improved servicing platforms capable of monitoring taxes, insurance, liens, and borrower activity more efficiently than ever before
Ironically, greater transparency may ultimately make New York notes more attractive—not less.
As bad actors lose places to hide and title information becomes easier to verify, sophisticated investors may find that the risk-adjusted opportunities in New York become increasingly compelling. Markets often offer the greatest rewards where complexity creates barriers to entry, and historically, New York has certainly provided plenty of operational hurdles.
The question for investors may no longer be whether New York is too difficult.
The question may be whether the market is becoming easier to understand before the rest of the investment community realizes it.
For those equipped with the right teams, technology, and due diligence processes, the next chapter of New York note investing may be defined not by fear of risk, but by confidence in transparency.
Summary
The time is going to pass anyway.
With the right patience, the right pockets, and the proper goal, a New York note or two can set your capital stack right. It can help you catch up on a retirement plan, accelerate a life plan, or create opportunities that simply do not exist elsewhere.
For those of us who had to earn our own silver spoons, New York can still be one of the best places to find them.
So the most important takeaway I have is this:
Know Thy Seller.
In our community, we often joke that this should be the Ninth Covenant of Note Investing.
Since 2013, when we opened our doors, our motto has been Safety First.
In note investing, that means relationships matter. It means when I source notes for our community, there is a relationship behind every trade. It means understanding not just the asset, but the source of the asset. It means reputation matters.
That is one of the reasons I set out to build a private club where everybody knows your name. Yes, that’s a Cheers reference.
A club where KYC is an understatement and is guided by an even more important principle:
KYS — Know Your Seller.
Our core group has invested together for well over five years, and many of us for more than a decade. That level of trust gives investors something most people in this industry never experience: confidence.
Too many investors leave this business because they bought from the wrong people, not because they bought the wrong assets.
Trust matters.
The chain starts with the originator, and from there everything else becomes easier to identify, verify, and work through.
Technology can help identify fraud.
Technology can help verify ownership.
Technology can help uncover title defects.
But technology cannot replace relationships.
As investors, we still have a responsibility to understand where our assets come from, who is selling them, and how they acquired them.
The strongest defense against buying a bad asset has always been buying from good people.
The rise of deed fraud enforcement simply reinforces what experienced investors have known for years:
Know the asset.
Know the borrower.
Know the collateral.
But above all, know the seller.
Because in New York, the title may be complicated, the foreclosure may take years, and the paperwork may be stacked to the ceiling.
But if you know the seller, deed fraud is light work.
About the Author
Jasmine Willois is a native New Yorker, keynote speaker, fund manager, and the Founder of NAP Private Equity Club (NAPNATION), one of the largest and most active mortgage note investing communities in the country. Since opening its doors in 2013, NAPNATION members have collectively purchased and invested in more than $1 billion in unpaid principal balance (UPB) across the secondary mortgage market, demonstrating the power of collaboration, education, and disciplined investing.
Jasmine is the President & CEO of US Mortgage Notes, Inc. and Co-Manager of RDMO Fund II, a private equity fund focused on acquiring reverse mortgage assets directly from HUD. She is widely recognized for her expertise in distressed debt, private lending, mortgage note investing, portfolio management, and passive income strategies.
Jasmine is the creator and host of the Naked Notes Podcast, ranked among the top mortgage note investing podcasts in the industry and consistently recognized by Feedspot as one of the leading resources for note investors nationwide. Today she also co-hosts the NoteTress Network Podcast, where she explores passive income, private credit, trust structures, and the economic trends shaping the future of wealth creation.
A native New Yorker and frequent keynote speaker, Jasmine remains committed to her guiding philosophy: MMAG2H—Make Money and Go to Heaven—proving that investors can build wealth while preserving borrower dignity and strengthening communities.
For speaking engagements, media appearances, or investment inquiries, contact: appts@noteassistanceprogram.com
References & Resources
- Center for NYC Neighborhoods / Gothamist Report: NYC Homes Worth $400M at Risk of Deed Theft and Real Estate Schemes
https://gothamist.com/news/nyc-homes-worth-400m-at-risk-of-deed-theft-and-real-estate-schemes-report-finds - New York City Mayor’s Office – Mayor’s Office of Deed Theft Prevention (April 2026)
https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2026/04/mayor-mamdani-establishes-mayor-s-office-of-deed-theft-preventio - Executive Order No. 16 – Establishing the Mayor’s Office of Deed Theft Prevention
https://www.nyc.gov/content/dam/nycgov/mayors-office/downloads/pdf/executive-orders/2026/eo-16.pdf - Brooklyn District Attorney – Disbarred Attorney Convicted of Stealing Deeds of 11 Brooklyn Properties in Decade-Long Fraudulent Scheme
https://www.brooklynda.org/2025/06/05/disbarred-attorney-convicted-of-stealing-deeds-of-11-brooklyn-properties-in-decade-long-fraudulent-scheme/ - Brooklyn District Attorney – Sentencing of Disbarred Attorney in Brooklyn Deed Fraud Case
https://brooklynda.org/2025/11/12/disbarred-attorney-sentenced-to-up-to-seven-years-in-prison-for-stealing-deeds-of-11-brooklyn-properties-in-decade-long-fraudulent-scheme/ - New York State Attorney General – New Protections Against Deed Theft
https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-announces-new-protections-against-deed-theft - New York State Attorney General – Deed Theft Resources and Reporting Information
https://ag.ny.gov/publications/deed-theft - New York State Attorney General – First Indictments Under New Deed Theft Law
https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-announces-first-indictments-under-new-deed-theft-law - New York State Senate – First Charges Brought Under the Myrie Deed Theft Law
https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025/zellnor-myrie/first-charges-brought-under-myrie-deed-theft-law - City Bar Justice Center – New York State Strengthens Homeowner Protections with New Deed Theft Law
https://www.citybarjusticecenter.org/news/new-york-state-strengthens-homeowner-protections-with-new-deed-theft-law/